Psychotherapy: A Bi-cultural Perspective

By: Nazo Shamal, PsyD, LCSW

Psychotherapy from a bi-cultural Afghan perspective involves navigating and integrating two distinct cultural worlds. One is that of traditional Afghan culture. The other is a more individualistic cultural context influenced by Western ideas. Many Afghan individuals encounter this, especially those living in diaspora or dealing with immigration. This bi-cultural experience can create both challenges and opportunities in psychotherapy. Individuals may find themselves balancing between two cultural identities and values. They may even feel conflicted.

Many Afghan individuals, especially those who migrated to Western countries or experienced displacement, experience acculturation stress. They face psychological strain from adapting to a new culture. Meanwhile, they try to maintain ties to their original cultural identity. The client may feel caught between traditional Afghan cultural expectations, which include family, honor, and collective responsibility. These contrast with the more individualistic norms of the host culture, such as personal autonomy and independence.

This can lead to confusion or conflict over identity. For example, a young Afghan individual may feel torn between the traditional role expectations in their family (e.g. gender roles, academic success, arranged marriages) and the desire for personal freedom, career choices, or romantic relationships typical of their Western environment. Psychotherapy can help individuals navigate this conflict, helping them reconcile their dual cultural identities in a healthy way.

Psychotherapy from a bi-cultural Afghan perspective involves a delicate balance. It requires honoring Afghan traditions and values. At the same time, it involves integrating Western therapeutic practices. For Afghan clients, especially those in diaspora, the process involves navigating the complexities of acculturation. They must also deal with trauma, family dynamics, gender expectations, and spiritual beliefs. By taking a culturally sensitive approach, therapists can create a space that respects Afghan and Western worldviews. This empowers clients to address their mental health needs. Clients can do this in ways that are congruent with both their cultural heritage and personal growth.

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